منابع مشابه
Stacking them up: a Comparison of Virtual Machines
A popular trend in current software technology is to gain program portability by compiling programs to an intermediate form based on an abstract machine definition. Such approaches date back at least to the 1970s, but have achieved new impetus based on the current popularity of the programming language Java. Implementations of language Java compile programs to bytecodes understood by the Java V...
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Signal amplification schemes that do not rely on protein enzymes show great potential in areas as abstruse as DNA computation and as applied as point-of-care molecular diagnostics. Toehold-mediated strand displacement, a programmable form of dynamic DNA hybridization, can be used to design powerful amplification cascades that can achieve polynomial or exponential amplification of input signals....
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Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) are common tools in biogeography and conservation ecology. It has been repeatedly claimed that aggregated (stacked) SDMs (S-SDMs) will overestimate species richness. One recently suggested solution to this problem is to use macroecological models of species richness to constrain S-SDMs. Here, we examine current practice in the development of S-SDMs to iden...
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Chemistry involves the study of the reactions and properties of the elements and their compounds. After over two centuries of systematic chemical research, combined with the modern use of spectroscopy and diffraction methods to determine structure and valence states and detailed quantum mechanical investigations of interatomic bonding; it is now generally accepted that the fundamentals of chemi...
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Recent applications of large (∼ 1 T – ∼ 30 T) magnetic fields in modern chemical research are reviewed. Magnetic field effects of chemical relevance appear on the levels of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and macroscopic forces. Quantum mechanical magnetic field effects are governed by the Zeeman interaction and are borne out as static and dynamic effects in spectroscopy and in chemical kine...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2001
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.293.5533.1225a